Recessed light "cans" vary by manufacturer, but most can be disassembled and removed without damaging the ceiling.
Replacing recessed lighting, or "can" lights with an electrical box can be done using commercially-available retrofit products designed to minimize or prevent the need for destroying the ceiling. Since there are a number of can light designs in existence, each project might differ in the details, but a few general steps should work in most cases.
Instructions
1. Many recessed lights utilize plug-in components for easy installation and replacement.
Shut off and secure power to the recessed (can) light fixture. Remove light bulb, trim, and other components that are easily disassembled, until all that remains is the sheet metal mounting brackets. If possible, cut and remove the sheet metal through the existing ceiling hole, being careful not to damage the ceiling drywall material. Recessed lights often have "pigtail" connectors, which allows for removal of the bulb socket component, then the bulb reflector section, then the pigtail can be disconnected from the power-box associated with the can hardware.
2. Perhaps a flush-mounted light fixture to replace the recessed light?
Install a retrofit electrical box kit, available from most home centers or hardware stores. These units are designed to be adjustable, and fit between the ceiling joists. Once in place, tightening the adjustment mechanism drives pointed barbs into the joists, securing it rigidly in place. Connect wiring according to proper codes and practices, leaving stripped leads through the box. Be sure to tighten the box on its track.
3. Install some furring strips on two sides of the ceiling opening so you will have something to screw a sheetrock patch into. Measure the hole in the ceiling, and cut a circle from a piece of sheetrock, matching the thickness of the existing ceiling. Using the plastic protective cover that comes with the retrofit electrical box kit as a template, trace and cut out the center of the sheetrock circle piece, so it will fit over the new box in the ceiling opening. Attach the patch to the furring strips with drywall screws.
4. Apply tape and joint compound around the patched , in two stages. First, secure the drywall tape, then, when dry, apply second coat of compound to match surrounding ceiling area. If your ceiling is textured, you may have to perform some painting or compound "magic" to try duplicating that. Or, consider using a ceiling medallion if the patched hole is unsightly.
5. Install your new light fixture or other device on your new flush-mounted electrical box. Note that retrofit electrical box kits vary by design and intended purpose; thus, it is imperative to understand ahead of time what you plan to use the electrical box for. If it is to be used for a heavy light fixture or ceiling fan, be sure to select the appropriate kit for those.
Tags: light fixture, ceiling opening, retrofit electrical, existing ceiling, furring strips, recessed light, sheet metal